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A Corona outbreak in a Tönnies-Slaughterhouse ruled in June the headlines: More than 1400 employees of the North Rhine-Westphalian meat factory had been infected with the Virus. For the district of Gütersloh has been imposed, therefore, a temporary Lockdown. Since then, the professional world asks: How did the Virus in the operation? What has led to the numerous infections? And what role could have played the working conditions in the meat industry?

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A group of researchers around the Helmholtz-Virologist Melanie Brinkmann has now signed in a study tracked how the Virus could have spread in the operation. The results so far are published on a Preprint Server, have not been examined yet by independent researchers. The study will be soon published in a specialist magazine with a corresponding test procedure.

Super spreader in the cow cutting

The starting point of the infection events, therefore, was first of all a single employees in the cattle decomposition in the case of Tönnies. May had put this previously in the case of employees of another meat establishment in lower Saxony face. In the cattle decomposition, he should have the Virus already in may on several people in a radius of more than eight meters transferred. In the affected area, the air is circulated and ten degrees Celsius.

The Bonn-based Hygiene expert Martin Exner had already declared at the end of June, that the air circulation could possibly be a “critical risk factor” for the proliferation of the pathogen have been – not only in the case of Tönnies, but also in other slaughter plants, which had to contend with outbreaks. The current study confirms this Thesis.

Spotlight on working conditions in the meat industry

“Our results indicate that the conditions in the cutting operation, therefore, the low temperature, a low supply of fresh air and a constant air circulation through the air-conditioning in the hall, together with a strenuous physical work – the aerosol transmission of Sars-CoV-2-particles supported over greater distances,” said Adam Grunhoff from the Heinrich-Pette-Institute, a co-author of the study. “Under these conditions, a spacing of 1.5 to 3 meters alone is clearly not sufficient to prevent Transmission.”

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Shortly after the outbreak, experts had assumed that the housing accommodation in the community, or shared means of transport may have led to the strong spread of the pathogen. Seems to be the beginning of the outbreak the to have played an essential role, emphasize the scientists.

In the analysis of virus sequences from the Cluster, the researchers also found eight mutations that were not been previously observed. Also in the later, much larger outbreak that followed in June, were detected the mutations. The observation of the way done point to a “continued eruption,” the researchers write.

Series of tests in the case of Tönnies reaffirm this image: As Tönnies spokesperson André a lot of cities reported that the number of infections found and the bark fragmentation on the sows, and later the pig dissection spread. The employees of the individual departments would meet on, for example, the corridors on the way to work. In addition, the individual areas of the factory “close together”, so a lot of cities.

“Our work raises many important questions, for example what are the factors Transfers in any other enclosed spaces influence, for example, in fitness studios or Restaurants,” said study author and Virologist Melanie Brinkmann in an interview with the star. “Or how high the proportion of fresh air should be in a closed room without natural fresh air supply, in order to minimize the risk of Infection.” She had been surprised by the infections over long distances.

In the study the University hospital were in addition to the Helmholtz centre for infection research (HZI) Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE) and the Heinrich-Pette-Institute (HPI) involved.

Sources: Heinrich-Pette-Institute – Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Helmholtz centre for infection research